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The Coptotermes acinaciformis is the most often encountered pest termite throughout Australia and one of the most destructive, causing the most economic damage. It makes its colonies in trees, tree stumps and wood in the ground and a mature colony of these termites can contain over one million individuals. |
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Mastotermes darwiniensis, or the Giant termite, is also very destructive. It attacks the timber content of buildings from subterranean tunnels, nesting underground or in trees. North of the Tropic of Capricorn colonies can contain hundreds of thousands of individuals. |
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Schedorhinotermes intermedius is a common termite found throughout Australia. A destructive species which nests in trees, compost heaps and wood in the ground, and particularly in untreated landscape materials from which it attacks timber in houses and buildings. It is responsible for 5-10% of the damage to timber in service. |
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The species Nasutitermes exitiosis usually builds dome-shaped mounds about 50cm in height, although in the more inland areas of Australia no obvious mound is made. It attacks timber in houses from its subterranean nests but prefers hardwoods to softwoods. |
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The Microcerotermes spp. are located all over mainland Australia, except the south eastern corner. Often located in urban areas, this species usually infests fences, out buildings, posts and poles or may form subterranean nests or mounds. |
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Heterotermes spp. are found throughout most of Australia, increasingly attacking urban locations. Although colony size is small, they often occur with other termites, particularly mound builders. |
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The Ringant or Neotermer insularis is a dampwood termite found along the eastern coastal regions from Darwin through to South Australia. It is called the Ringant because colonies are established in the softer growth rings of the attacked tree, which may eventually result in the tree being ring barked. The colonies number in the thousands and can be found in fruit or accent trees in an urban environment. |
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Porotermes adamsoni is another dampwood termite and requires decaying timber and a moist environment to commence colonisation. They can work from decaying timber into adjacent sound timber. When found in trees, they depend on the moisture in the tree, nesting in the decaying centre producing earthen material known as a "mudgut". |